Alankar Hindi sahitya aur kavita ki atma hai. Jaise gehne ek vyakti ki sundarta ko nikharte hain, waise hi Alankar shabdon aur bhasha ko manohar banata hai. Hindi kavita aur gady sahitya mein, Alankar ka prayog bhasha ko aur bhi rochak aur prabhavit banata hai.
Is article mein, hum Anupras Alankar ke saath saath Alankar ki paribhasha, uske prakar aur udaharanon ka vistar se samajh karenge. Yeh article na sirf students ke liye, balki sahitya ke premiyon ke liye bhi upyogi hai. Aaiye, suruaat karte hain Alankar ke saral parichay se.
Alankar Kya Hota Hai?
Alankar kise kahate hain? Saral shabdon mein, “Alankar shabdon ka aabhushan hai.” Jaise ek saadhi boli sundar lagti hai jab usey sundarta aur vividhata di jaye, waise hi Alankar bhasha ke roop ko nikharta hai. Hindi kavita aur rachna mein Alankar ka prayog, shabd aur bhavnaon ko prabhavit banane ke liye kiya jata hai.
- Definition in simple terms:
“Alankar wahi hai jo shabdon ko aur bhi madhur, manohar aur manmohak banata hai.” - Importance in Hindi Literature:
- Kavita aur kahani mein bhaav-prabhav badhta hai.
- Bhasha aur rachna ko smaran-sheel banata hai.
Example:
“Suraj sooraj si roshni faila raha hai.”
Yahan shabd aur arth ke madhyam se bhavnaon ko prabhavit banaya gaya hai.
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Alankar Ki Paribhasha Aur Prakar
Alankar Ki Paribhasha
Alankar ka arth hota hai “shabdon ka aabhushan” ya bhasha ka shringar. Jab kisi vaakya ya kavita mein shabdon aur arth ka aisa rachnatmak upyog hota hai jo bhaav-prakash aur sundarta badhata hai, usse Alankar kehte hain. Hindi sahitya mein Alankar ke madhyam se kavita aur rachna ko prabhavit banaya jata hai.
Definition:
“Shabdon aur bhasha ko rochak aur prabhavit banane wale shringar ko Alankar kaha jata hai.”
Alankar Ke Prakar
Alankar do pramukh prakar ke hote hain:
- Shabd Alankar
- Jab kavita ya vaakya mein shabdon ke dhwani ya roop se sundarta badhti hai, to usse Shabd Alankar kehte hain.
- Example: “Chanchal Chakor Chandni mein chhup gaya.”
- Arthalankar
- Jab arth, bhavna ya soch ke madhyam se sundarta badhti hai, to usse Arthalankar kehte hain.
- Example: “Tumhara mukh chand ke samaan hai.”
Key Differences Between Shabd Alankar and Arthalankar
| Shabd Alankar | Arthalankar |
|---|---|
| Shabd ke dhwani aur roop par adharit. | Arth aur bhavna par adharit. |
| Dhwani ka punaravritti hota hai. | Tulna, roopak aur bhaavna ka pradarshan hota hai. |
| Example: “Ravi rashmi roshan hui.” | Example: “Dil ek samundar hai.” |
Anupras Alankar Ki Paribhasha
Anupras Alankar Kya Hota Hai?
Anupras Alankar ko Hindi sahitya ke sabse sundar aur madhur Shabd Alankaron mein se ek mana jata hai. Jab kisi vaakya mein ek hi dhwani ya akshar ka punaravritti (repetition) hota hai, to usse Anupras Alankar kehte hain. Yeh Alankar kavita aur vakta mein madhurta aur gati ka sanchar karta hai.
Definition:
“Jab kisi vaakya mein ek hi prakar ki dhwani ya shabd ka punah-punah aavartan hota hai, to usse Anupras Alankar kaha jata hai.”
Anupras Alankar Ki Visheshataein
- Ek hi dhwani ka punaravritti hota hai.
- Kavita aur vaakya mein ek rhythm aur madhurta lekar aata hai.
- Asar aur prabhav ko badhata hai.
Examples of Anupras Alankar
- Kavita Mein:
- “चमकते चंद्र की चंचल छटा।”
(Yahaan “च” dhwani ka punaravritti hua hai, jo kavita mein madhurta la raha hai.)
- “चमकते चंद्र की चंचल छटा।”
- Gadya Mein:
- “नदी में नील कमल नाचे।”
(Yahaan “न” aur “नी” dhwani ka punaravritti hai.)
- “नदी में नील कमल नाचे।”
- Bollywood Songs Mein:
- “चोरी-चोरी चुपके-चुपके।”
(Is gaane mein “च” dhwani ka punaravritti hai, jo Anupras Alankar ka udaharan hai.)
- “चोरी-चोरी चुपके-चुपके।”
Visual Representation of Anupras Alankar
You can think of Anupras Alankar as a musical rhythm where certain notes repeat to create harmony. Similarly, in a sentence, the repetition of specific sounds creates a poetic melody.
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Anupras Alankar Ke Udaharan
Anupras Alankar ka sabse badiya pehlu yeh hai ki yeh har jagah mil jata hai — kavita mein, kahaniyon mein, geeton mein, aur aam bol-chal ki bhasha mein bhi. Yahaan hum aapke liye 10 udaharan la rahe hain jo aapko Anupras Alankar ki bhavna aur sundarta samajhne mein madad karenge.
Examples of Anupras Alankar
- Kavita Mein:
- “चमकते चंद्र की चंचल छटा।”
(“च” dhwani ka punaravritti Anupras Alankar ka udaharan hai.)
- “चमकते चंद्र की चंचल छटा।”
- Prakriti Ke Sandarbh Mein:
- “नीचे नदियां नील बहाए।”
(“नी” aur “न” dhwani ka punaravritti yahan dekhne ko milta hai.)
- “नीचे नदियां नील बहाए।”
- Deshbhakti Kavita Mein:
- “भरत भूमि के वीर बनें बलिदानी।”
(“ब” aur “भ” dhwani ka punaravritti hai.)
- “भरत भूमि के वीर बनें बलिदानी।”
- Geet Mein:
- “चोरी-चोरी चुपके-चुपके।”
(Bollywood song ka pramukh udaharan hai, jahan “च” dhwani baar-baar dikhai deti hai.)
- “चोरी-चोरी चुपके-चुपके।”
- Slogan Mein:
- “जय जवान, जय किसान।”
(“जय” shabd ka punaravritti ek prabhavit udaharan hai.)
- “जय जवान, जय किसान।”
- Aam Baat-Cheet Mein:
- “तोते तो टहनी पर ठहरे।”
(“त” dhwani ka punaravritti madhurta la raha hai.)
- “तोते तो टहनी पर ठहरे।”
- Khel Ke Sandarbh Mein:
- “क्रिकेट का कप्तान कल खेल में चमका।”
(“क” dhwani ka baar-baar pradarshan Anupras Alankar ka pramukh udaharan hai.)
- “क्रिकेट का कप्तान कल खेल में चमका।”
- Vyakti Ke Chitra Mein:
- “गोपाल गोशाले में गायें गिन रहे हैं।”
(“ग” dhwani ka baar-baar aavartan ho raha hai.)
- “गोपाल गोशाले में गायें गिन रहे हैं।”
- Lok Kavita Mein:
- “मीठी महक में मोर मचलते।”
(“म” dhwani ka punaravritti sundarta aur madhurta lekar aata hai.)
- “मीठी महक में मोर मचलते।”
- Prakruti Ke Chitra Mein:
- “सूरज सरिता को सुनहरा कर देता है।”
(“स” aur “र” dhwani ka punaravritti ek kavya-kaushal ka udaharan hai.)
- “सूरज सरिता को सुनहरा कर देता है।”
Chhoti si Kavita Mein Anupras Alankar
“सूरज सा सिंदूरी सपना,
सात सतरंगी सपनों में सिमटा।”
Yahan “स” dhwani ka baar-baar punaravritti hai jo kavita ko aur bhi madhur banata hai.
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Shabd Alankar Ki Paribhasha Aur Udaharan
Shabd Alankar Ki Paribhasha
Shabd Alankar ka arth hai shabdon ke dhwani, punaravritti, ya shabdon ke roopak se kavya mein madhurta aur sundarta laana. Jab kisi kavita ya vaakya mein shabdon ke dhwani aur roop ka khel hota hai, to vah Shabd Alankar kehte hain.
Definition:
“Jab shabdon ke dhwani aur roop ke madhyam se kavita ya vaakya ko rochak aur prabhavit banaya jata hai, to use Shabd Alankar kaha jata hai.”
Shabd Alankar Ke Prakar
Shabd Alankar ke kai prakar hote hain. Yahaan kuch pramukh prakar aur unke udaharan diye gaye hain:
1. Anupras Alankar (Alliteration)
- Jab ek hi dhwani ka baar-baar punaravritti hota hai.
- Example: “चमकते चंद्र की चंचल छटा।”
2. Yamaka Alankar (Word Repetition with Different Meanings)
- Jab ek shabd ka ek hi vaakya mein do alag-alag arth hota hai.
- Example:
- “फल वाले फल लाओ।”
(Pehla ‘फल’ arth hai phal prapt karna, aur doosra ‘फल’ arth hai phal khane wala.)
- “फल वाले फल लाओ।”
3. Shlesha Alankar (Pun)
- Jab ek hi shabd ka ek saath do arth hota hai.
- Example:
- “गंगा का पानी निर्मल है।”
(Yahaan ‘निर्मल’ arth hai pavitra aur ek vyakti ka naam bhi ho sakta hai.)
- “गंगा का पानी निर्मल है।”
4. Anupras vs Yamaka: Key Difference
| Anupras Alankar | Yamaka Alankar |
|---|---|
| Ek hi dhwani ka baar-baar punaravritti. | Ek hi shabd ka baar-baar punaravritti. |
| Example: “तोते तो टहनी पर ठहरे।” | Example: “फल वाले फल लाओ।” |
Shabd Alankar Ke Aur Udaharan
- Chitra Mein Anupras:
- “घास पर गहरी गहरी गहरी छाया।”
- Yamaka Ka Prayog:
- “राम ने राम को याद kiya।”
- Shlesha Ke Udaharan:
- “माली ने फूलों का फूल देखा।”
- Rhythmic Use:
- “सरस सरोवर पर सूरज सिमट गया।”
Shabd Alankar Hindi sahitya ke vishal aur sundar pehlu ko pragat karta hai. Iska prayog kavya ko geetmay aur rochak banata hai.
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Arthalankar Ke Bhed
Arthalankar Ki Paribhasha
Jab kavita ya vaakya ke arth, bhavna, ya tulna ke madhyam se uska sundar roop pragat hota hai, to use Arthalankar kehte hain. Isme dhwani ya shabdon ke punaravritti ke bajay arth par zyada zor hota hai.
Definition:
“Jab kavya ke arth aur bhaavna se rachna ko rochak aur prabhavit banaya jata hai, to use Arthalankar kaha jata hai.”
Arthalankar Ke Pramukh Bhed
Arthalankar ke kai bhed hote hain jo kavya aur gady rachna ko bhavna-pradhan aur prabhavit banate hain. Niche kuch pramukh bhed aur unke udaharan diye gaye hain:
1. Upma Alankar (Simile)
Jab kisi vastu ya vyakti ki tulna kisi anya vastu se hoti hai, aur isme jaise, saman, prabhrit shabdon ka prayog hota hai.
- Example: “Tum chand jaise sundar ho.”
(Yahaan vyakti ki tulna chand se ki gayi hai.)
2. Rupak Alankar (Metaphor)
Jab kisi vastu ya vyakti ko pratyaksh kisi anya vastu ke roop mein darshaya jata hai.
- Example: “Chandni ek safed chaadar hai.”
(Chandni ko sidhe ek chaadar ke roop mein bataya gaya hai.)
3. Atishayokti Alankar (Hyperbole)
Jab kisi vastu ya ghatna ka atikramit varnan hota hai, yaani zyada ya kam bataya jata hai.
- Example: “Maine ek pal mein puri duniya ghoom li.”
(Yahaan ek pal mein duniya ghoomne ki baat exaggeration hai.)
4. Virodhabhas Alankar (Oxymoron)
Jab ek vaakya mein virodhi arth wale shabdon ka prayog hota hai.
- Example: “Mitha dukh.”
(Yahaan ‘mitha’ aur ‘dukh’ virodhi arth ke shabd hain.)
5. Anuman Alankar (Inference)
Jab kisi vastu ya ghatna ka varnan is tarah kiya jata hai ki uska parinam swatah spasht ho.
- Example: “Jahan dhoom hai, wahaan aag hogi.”
(Dhoom ko dekh kar aag ka anuman lagaya gaya hai.)
Arthalankar Ke Udaharan in Tabular Form
| Arthalankar Ka Naam | Udaharan |
|---|---|
| Upma | “Vidya dhan ke saman hai.” |
| Rupak | “Man ka samundar shant ho gaya.” |
| Atishayokti | “Tumhare bina sansar suna hai.” |
| Virodhabhas | “Jeevan ek meetha zakhm hai.” |
| Anuman | “Jahan bijli chamak rahi hai, wahaan barish hogi.” |
Shabd Alankar Aur Arthalankar Ka Antar
| Shabd Alankar | Arthalankar |
|---|---|
| Shabd aur dhwani par adharit. | Arth aur bhavna par adharit. |
| Dhwani ka punaravritti hota hai. | Bhaavna aur tulna ka varnan hota hai. |
| Example: “तोते तो टहनी पर ठहरे।” | Example: “Chand jaise sundar ho.” |
Arthalankar sahitya mein bhaavna aur arth ko pragat karne ka ek sundar madhyam hai. Yeh kavita ko gehrayi aur prabhavit banata hai.
Alankar Kya Seekhna Zaroori Hai?
Alankar Ka Mahatva
Alankar Hindi sahitya aur kavita ka ek aisa pehlu hai jo bhasha ko sundar, madhur, aur rochak banata hai. Kavita ya rachna mein Alankar ka upyog shabd aur arth ko gehrayi aur prabhav deta hai. Chaliye samajhte hain ki Alankar ko seekhna aur samajhna kyon zaroori hai:
1. Sahitya Ki Sundarta Ko Samajhne Ke Liye
- Hindi kavita aur gady mein Alankar ke prayog se rachna ki bhaavna aur sundarta nikharti hai.
- Jaise, Kalidas ke natakon aur Tulsi Das ki Ramcharitmanas mein Alankar ka prayog unka mukhya visheshata hai.
Example:
“गगन गहन घन गरजत घोरा।”
(Yahan Anupras Alankar ke saath dhwani ki madhurta bhi hai.)
2. Hindi Kavita Aur Sahitya Ke Adhyayan Ke Liye
- Alankar ke gyaan ke bina Hindi sahitya aur kavita ko samajhna adhoora hai.
- Competitive exams (like CBSE, UPSC, and State Board exams) mein Alankar se jude prashn aate hain.
Example Question:
Prashn: “‘नदी में नील कमल नाचे’ mein kaunsa Alankar hai?”
Uttar: Anupras Alankar.
3. Kavita Aur Lekhan Ko Nikharne Ke Liye
- Alankar ka sahi upyog kavita ya rachna ko yaadgaar aur asardar banata hai.
- Agar aap ek kavita ya kahani likhna chahte hain, to Alankar ka upyog aapki rachna ki sundarta ko badhata hai.
4. Bhasha Ko Prabhavit Banane Ke Liye
- Alankar ke madhyam se bol-chal aur lekhan mein prabhav aur rochakta laya ja sakta hai.
- Example:
- Aam bhaasha: “Suraj ugta hai.”
- Alankar ke saath: “Suraj ke sunehre sapne jagte hain.”
5. Hindi Ka Gehrayi Se Gyaan Praapt Karne Ke Liye
- Hindi sahitya aur uske mool tattvon ko samajhne ke liye Alankar ka gyaan avashyak hai.
- Yeh kavita ke alawa geet, shlok aur lok-geet mein bhi apni pehchan banata hai.
6. Competitive Exams Aur Academics Mein Mahatvapoorna
- Alankar ki jankari board exams aur Hindi literature ke papers ke liye zaroori hai.
- Popular Topics:
- Anupras Alankar
- Rupak Alankar
- Upma Alankar
Chhoti Kavita Ka Alankar-Prabhav
“सूरज का सिंदूरी सपना,
सात रंग के सपनों में सिमटा।”
(Yahan Anupras aur Upma ka sundar prayog hai jo kavita ko madhur aur rochak banata hai.)
Alankar ke madhyam se na sirf aap sahitya ko samajh sakte hain, balki apni rachna mein nayi jaan bhi daal sakte hain. Yeh ek zaroori tatva hai jo Hindi bhasha ki khoobsurti ko pragat karta hai.
FAQ Section
Alankar ka arth hai shabdon ka shringar. Jab shabdon ke madhyam se kavya ya vaakya ko sundar aur rochak banaya jata hai, to usse Alankar kehte hain.
Example:
“चमकते चंद्र की चंचल छटा।” (Yahan Anupras Alankar hai.)
Anupras Alankar ke udaharan mein ek hi dhwani ka punaravritti hota hai.
Examples:
“नदी में नील कमल नाचे।”
“तोते तो टहनी पर ठहरे।”
“चमकते चंद्र की चंचल छटा।”
Shabd Alankar
Shabd aur dhwani par adharit.
Arth aur bhavna par adharit.
Dhwani ka punaravritti hota hai.
Arthalankar
Bhaavna aur tulna ka varnan hota hai.
Example: “तोते तो टहनी पर ठहरे।”
Example: “Chand jaise sundar ho.”
“नदी में नील कमल नाचे।” (Anupras Alankar ka udaharan hai.)
Conclusion
Alankar Hindi sahitya ki ek anmol vibhuti hai jo kavita aur gady rachna ko sundarta aur madhurta se bhar deti hai. Chahe Shabd Alankar ho ya Arthalankar, dono hi sahitya ki bhavnaon ko gehrayi aur prabhav dete hain.
Anupras Alankar, jo shabd aur dhwani ke punaravritti par adharit hai, kavita mein ek madhur gati aur rhythm lata hai. Saath hi, Rupak, Upma, aur Atishayokti Alankar jaise Arthalankar bhasha ke arth aur bhaav ko vyakt karte hain.
Key Takeaways
- Alankar ka arth hai “shabdon ka aabhushan” jo kavita ko sundar banata hai.
- Shabd Alankar dhwani aur shabd ke khel par adharit hota hai, jaise Anupras Alankar.
- Arthalankar arth aur bhaav ki gehrayi pradarshit karta hai, jaise Upma aur Rupak.
- Alankar ka gyaan Hindi sahitya aur rachna ko gehrayi se samajhne mein madad karta hai.
- Kavita likhne ya padhne ke dauraan Alankar ka upyog rachna ko yaadgaar aur rochak banata hai.
Alankar seekhna na sirf students ke liye, balki sahitya ke prati ruchi rakhne walon ke liye bhi zaroori hai. Aap apni rachna mein Alankar ka upyog karke kavita aur kahani ko aur bhi prabhavit aur rochak bana sakte hain.
